What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions considered by damage to the optic nerve, leading to gradual vision loss. It’s commonly associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and it’s essential to note that glaucoma can develop even with normal or low IOP levels.
What are the types of Glaucoma?
The types of glaucoma include primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), angle-closure glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. POAG is the most common and occurs when the eye’s drainage angle becomes less efficient over time.
What are the Causes?
The causes of glaucoma can vary, but they often involve increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve. Other factors include genetics, age (particularly over 60), ethnicity, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or hypertension. Individuals with a family history of glaucoma or those who use corticosteroids may be at higher risk.
What to look out for?
Signs and symptoms of glaucoma may include peripheral vision loss, often unnoticed until advanced stages, tunnel vision, blurred vision, halos around lights, and, in acute cases, eye pain or redness.
Diagnosis
· Measuring intraocular pressure
· Examining the optic nerve
· Assessing peripheral vision
· Measuring corneal thickness.
· Gonioscopy
· OCT (optical coherence tomography)
Treatment
Treatment for glaucoma aims to reduce intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Options include eye drops to lower pressure, oral medications, laser therapy (e.g., selective laser trabeculoplasty), and surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or MIGS.
How can I prevent it?
· Scheduling regular eye exams, particularly for those with a family history of the condition.
· Protecting the eyes from injury.
· Knowing the risk factors.
· Following a healthy lifestyle can all contribute to reducing the risk of developing glaucoma.
Lifestyle and Home Remedies
Managing glaucoma at home involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet. Avoiding smoking, managing other health conditions like diabetes or hypertension, and using eye protection when necessary can also help preserve vision and overall eye health.
