Diabetes is a condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels, leading to various health complications. Blood sugar is an essential energy source for cells, but it needs insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas to enter the cells. Without effective insulin regulation, glucose builds up, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
Did you know that we have two types of Diabetes? They are:
- Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. As a result, people with Type 1 diabetes cannot produce insulin and must rely on insulin injections or pumps to manage their blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes often begins in childhood or adolescence but can develop at any age.
- Type 2 Diabetes: In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t use it efficiently, causing blood sugar levels to rise. This type of diabetes typically develops in adults, though it is increasingly seen in younger people due to increasing obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles. It is the most common form of diabetes and is often related to lifestyle factors, though genetics also play a role.
So, what are the risk factors for diabetes?
Some risk factors for diabetes include genetics, age, obesity, high blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle, cholesterol and gestational diabetes.
Symptoms of Diabetes
Recognising the early signs and symptoms of diabetes can lead to early diagnosis and better management. Common symptoms include:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Extreme hunger and unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and irritability
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing sores or frequent infectionsDiagnosis
Diagnosis for diabetes
Diabetes is diagnosed through various tests that measure blood sugar levels which include:
- Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG)
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
- A1C Test
Now, let’s talk about how to prevent Diabetes
While Type 1 diabetes can not be prevented, Type 2 diabetes can be prevented and managed through:
- Eating balanced meals with whole grains, lean proteins, and plenty of vegetables.
- Regular exercise
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoid smoking
- Regular screening can prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 diabetes.
Lastly, we will explore how to manage diabetes
Managing diabetes involves:
- Medication: Insulin for Type 1 diabetes and medications like metformin for Type 2.
- Healthy Diet and Exercise
- Blood Sugar Monitoring
To wrap up
Diabetes is a severe condition, but it can be managed with the right lifestyle choices, regular monitoring, and medical care. Early detection and lifestyle modifications can prevent complications whether managing diabetes or supporting a loved one, taking steps to understand the condition can make a difference.
