Today, June 19th marks the World Sickle Cell Day which aims to improve global action on sickle cell disease (SCD), a genetic blood disorder that affects millions worldwide.
What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle cell disease is an inherited condition where red blood cells, normally round and flexible, become rigid and shaped like a crescent or sickle. These misshapen cells block blood flow, leading to pain and complications.
Types of Sickle Cell Disease:
- HbSS (Sickle cell anemia): is the most severe type where both parents pass the sickle gene.
- HbSC: is a milder form where one sickle gene and one abnormal hemoglobin gene are inherited.
- HbS Beta Thalassemia: is the result from inheriting one sickle gene and one beta-thalassemia gene.
Causes and Risk Factors of Sickle Cell Disease:
- Genetic inheritance: it is passed down from parents who carry the trait.
Symptoms of SCD:
- Chronic pain episodes (crises)
- Fatigue
- Anemia
- Swelling in hands and feet
- Frequent infection
- Vision issues
- Delayed growth in children
Diagnosing Sickle Cell:
SCD is detected through:
- Newborn screening
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis: it is a blood test to identify abnormal hemoglobin
Managing Sickle Cell Disease:
You can manage it through:
- Medications like hydroxyurea
- Pain management
- Blood transfusions
- Bone marrow transplant
- Hydration, avoiding extreme temperatures, and preventing infections
Preventing Complications:
- Regular checkups
- Prompt treatment of infections
- Genetic counseling for at-risk couples
Sickle cell disease can be challenging, but awareness, support, and early intervention can make a change. On World Sickle Cell Day, let’s stand with those affected and push for better care and greater compassion.
