Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, an essential organ responsible for vital functions such as detoxifying the blood, storing nutrients, and aiding digestion. This condition can be caused by infections, toxins, autoimmune diseases, or long-term alcohol use but the most common cause worldwide is viral infection.
Did you know there are several types of viral hepatitis?
Let’s take a look at the most common types:
Hepatitis A
This form of hepatitis is usually contracted through contaminated food or water. It’s a short-term illness that doesn’t lead to chronic liver disease and can often resolve on its own. Hepatitis A is preventable through vaccination and proper hygiene practices.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B spreads through contact with infected blood, sexual fluids, or from mother to child during childbirth. This type can be both acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term), and chronic infection can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. A vaccine is available and widely recommended, especially for infants and high-risk adults.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C spreads through blood-to-blood contact, it is often transmitted through unsafe injections, unsterilized medical equipment, or from sharing needles. Most people with Hepatitis C develop chronic infections that can lead to severe liver complications. While there is no vaccine, effective treatments can now cure over 95% of cases.
What Increases the Risk of Hepatitis?
- Poor sanitation or drinking contaminated water
- Sharing needles or razors
- Unprotected sex with an infected person
- Receiving blood transfusions without proper screening
- Living with someone who has chronic hepatitis
Common Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Abdominal pain, especially near the liver (upper right side)
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes
- Dark urine
- Loss of appetite
If you experience any of these signs, it is important to seek medical attention for proper evaluation.
How Is Hepatitis Diagnosed?
It can be diagnosed through:
- Blood tests
- Liver Ultrasound
- Liver Biopsy
Can Hepatitis Be Prevented?
- Get vaccinated against Hepatitis A and B
- Use clean, sterilized needles and medical tools
- Practice safe sex
- Avoid sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors
- Drink safe, clean water and maintain good hygiene
- Screen blood before transfusion
Managing and Treating Hepatitis
Treatment depends on the type of hepatitis:
- Hepatitis A: usually resolves on its own with supportive care.
- Hepatitis B: may require antiviral medications for chronic cases.
- Hepatitis C: is treatable and curable with a short course of antiviral medication.
Lifestyle changes such as avoiding alcohol, maintaining a healthy diet, and regular checkups can also help protect liver function.
Hepatitis is a global health concern, but with prevention, early detection, and proper treatment, we can reduce the burden of liver disease. World Hepatitis Day is a reminder that liver health matters. By staying informed, encouraging testing, and supporting access to care, we can help build a world free of hepatitis.
